Kanuni d\u00fczenlemeler g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ortakl\u0131k pay\u0131n\u0131n haczedilebilece\u011fi ve pay\u0131n haczedilmesinden sonra alacakl\u0131 kanuni m\u00fcddet i\u00e7inde sat\u0131\u015f talebinde bulunabilece\u011fi bilinmektedir. Yani teknik anlamda ortakl\u0131k hissesinin cebri icra yoluyla sat\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Sat\u0131\u015f \u00fczerine pay el de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f e\u015f deyi\u015fle devredilmi\u015f olacakt\u0131r ki cebri icra yoluyla devir anonim ortakl\u0131kta pay\u0131n devren kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 yollar\u0131ndan biridir.<\/p>\n
Anonim ortakl\u0131kta ortakl\u0131k s\u0131fat\u0131 (pay sahipli\u011fi) aslen ve devren olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/u><\/p>\n
Anonim \u015firkette pay sahipli\u011fi s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131n aslen kazan\u0131lmas\u0131, \u015firketin kurulu\u015funda veya esas sermaye art\u0131r\u0131m\u0131nda pay\u0131n taahh\u00fcd\u00fc ile olmaktad\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k devren kazanma; pay\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile (sat\u0131m, trampa, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f vb,) kazan\u0131lmas\u0131, pay\u0131n miras yoluyla kazan\u0131lmas\u0131, pay\u0131n cebri icra ile kazan\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong>, pay\u0131n mahkeme karar\u0131 ile kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 veya pay sahibinin temerr\u00fcd\u00fc nedeni ile \u0131skat\u0131 sonucunda kazanma ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecektir.<\/p>\n Pay\u0131n cebri icra yoluyla devri ile tan\u0131nmayan biri ortakl\u0131kta hisse sahibi olabilir. Bu durumun \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in bir tak\u0131m iradi s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar getirilebilir. Ancak bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamalara ge\u00e7meden evvel senedin hamiline mi yoksa nama m\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem arz etmektedir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc anonim ortakl\u0131klar hamiline yaz\u0131l\u0131 paylar\u0131n devrini k\u0131s\u0131tlayamazlar. Bu kapsamda hamiline yaz\u0131l\u0131 paylarda tam bir devir serbestisi s\u00f6z konusu olmaktad\u0131r. Hamiline yaz\u0131l\u0131 paylar\u0131n devri i\u00e7in tek \u015fart zilyetli\u011fin devredilmesidir<\/strong> (teslim, H\u00fckmen teslim, havale, k\u0131sa elden teslim gibi).<\/p>\n Pay\u0131n cebri icra yoluyla devrine ili\u015fkin ne gibi k\u0131s\u0131tlama getirebiliriz sorusunu cevapland\u0131rmadan \u00f6nce ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yabanc\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131na engel olmak ad\u0131na genel olarak getirilebilecek pay devri k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131ndan bahsetmek isteriz, zira esas s\u00f6zle\u015fme haz\u0131rl\u0131k a\u015famas\u0131nda bu kapsamda da madde eklenmelidir.<\/u><\/p>\n Nama yaz\u0131l\u0131 paylar\u0131n devrinde kanuni ve iradi birtak\u0131m s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/u><\/p>\n Bedeli tamamen \u00f6denmemi\u015f<\/strong> nama yaz\u0131l\u0131 paylar\u0131n devrinde ge\u00e7erli olan bir s\u0131n\u0131rlamad\u0131r. Ancak bedeli tamamen \u00f6denmese de cebri icra yoluyla devir halinde kanunen bir s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rma getirilemez.<\/p>\n Kanuni s\u0131n\u0131rlama MADDE 491<\/strong>– (1) Bedeli tamamen \u00f6denmemi\u015f nama yaz\u0131l\u0131 paylar, ancak \u015firketin onay\u0131 ile devrolunabilir; me\u011ferki, devir, miras, miras\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, e\u015fler aras\u0131ndaki mal rejimi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri veya cebr\u00ee icra yoluyla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fsin<\/strong>.<\/p>\n (2) \u015eirket, sadece, devralan\u0131n \u00f6deme yeterlili\u011fi \u015f\u00fcpheli ise ve \u015firket\u00e7e istenen teminat verilmemi\u015fse onay vermeyi reddedebilir.<\/p>\n MADDE 492-<\/strong> (1) Esas s\u00f6zle\u015fme, nama yaz\u0131l\u0131 paylar\u0131n ancak \u015firketin onay\u0131yla devredilebilece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6rebilir.<\/p>\n Borsaya kote edilmemi\u015f nama yaz\u0131l\u0131 paylar <\/strong><\/p>\n MADDE 493-<\/strong> (1) \u015eirket, esas s\u00f6zle\u015fmede \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f \u00f6nemli bir sebebi ileri s\u00fcrerek veya devredene, paylar\u0131n\u0131, ba\u015fvurma an\u0131ndaki ger\u00e7ek de\u011feriyle, kendi veya di\u011fer pay sahipleri ya da \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filer hesab\u0131na almay\u0131 \u00f6nererek, onay istemini reddedebilir. <\/strong><\/p>\n (2) Pay sahipleri \u00e7evresinin bile\u015fimine ili\u015fkin esas s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, \u015firketin i\u015fletme konusu veya i\u015fletmenin ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden onay\u0131n reddini hakl\u0131 g\u00f6steriyorsa, \u00f6nemli sebep olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n \u00a0(3) Bundan ba\u015fka, devralan, paylar\u0131 kendi ad\u0131na ve hesab\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a beyan etmezse \u015firket, devrin pay defterine kayd\u0131n\u0131 reddedebilir.<\/p>\n \u00a0(4) Paylar; miras, miras\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, e\u015fler aras\u0131ndaki mal rejimi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri veya cebr\u00ee icra gere\u011fi iktisap edilmi\u015flerse, \u015firket, paylar\u0131 edinen ki\u015fiye, sadece paylar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ek de\u011feri ile devralmay\u0131 \u00f6nerdi\u011fi takdirde onay vermeyi reddedebilir.<\/strong><\/p>\n (5) Devralan, paylar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek de\u011ferinin belirlenmesini, \u015firketin merkezinin bulundu\u011fu yerdeki asliye ticaret mahkemesinden isteyebilir; bu h\u00e2lde mahkeme \u015firketin karar tarihine en yak\u0131n tarihteki de\u011ferini esas al\u0131r. De\u011ferleme giderlerini \u015firket kar\u015f\u0131lar.<\/p>\n \u00a0(6) Devralan, ger\u00e7ek de\u011feri \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi tarihten itibaren bir ay i\u00e7inde bu fiyat\u0131 reddetmezse, \u015firketin devralma \u00f6nerisini kabul etmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n (7) Esas s\u00f6zle\u015fme devredilebilirlik \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131ramaz<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Burada; <\/strong>Bedeli tamamen \u00f6denmi\u015f ve borsaya kote edilmemi\u015f nama yaz\u0131l\u0131 devirler y\u00f6n\u00fcnden bir iradi s\u0131n\u0131rlama g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Yani anonim ortakl\u0131k esas s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine bahse konu nama yaz\u0131l\u0131 paylar\u0131n devri i\u00e7in onay ko\u015fulu getirilebilir. Ancak esas s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye sadece b\u00f6yle bir madde koymak yetmeyecektir, onay\u0131 reddetmek i\u00e7in hakl\u0131 sebepleri de a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u00f6ng\u00f6rmek gerekecektir.<\/p>\n Pay sahipleri \u00e7evresinin bile\u015fimine ili\u015fkin esas s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin \u015firketin i\u015fletme konusu veya ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden onay\u0131n reddini hakl\u0131 g\u00f6stermesi durumunda \u00f6nemli sebep olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 TK 493\/2\u2019de h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle pay sahipleri \u00e7evresinin bile\u015fimine ili\u015fkin getirilecek bir ba\u011flam h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn ge\u00e7erli olabilmesi i\u00e7in pay sahipleri \u00e7evresinin bile\u015fimine dair getirilen k\u0131s\u0131tlaman\u0131n \u015firketin i\u015fletme konusu ve ekonomik ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ili\u015fkili olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u015firketle rekabet eden ki\u015filere yap\u0131lan pay devirlerini \u015firketin onay\u0131na ba\u011flayan bir esas s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fckm\u00fc, \u015firketin ama\u00e7 ve konusu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli say\u0131l\u0131r. Yine esas s\u00f6zle\u015fmede belli bir meslekten olan ki\u015filere paylar\u0131n devredilebilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Yine pay sahiplerinin her ne kadar anonim ortakl\u0131\u011fa ortak olabilseler de belli bir y\u00fczdeyi a\u015fan oranda paya sahip olmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u0131s\u0131tlama getirilebilir.<\/p>\n \u00d6rne\u011fin, esas s\u00f6zle\u015fmede pay devrinin sadece kurucu ortaklar aras\u0131nda yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren madde anonim \u015firket yap\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u011fda\u015fmaz. B\u00f6yle bir madde suni bir pay sahibi \u00e7evresi yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erli kabul edilemez.<\/p>\n \u00d6rne\u011fin; devri tamamen yasaklayan bir h\u00fck\u00fcm de getirilemez \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc esas s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile devir \u015fartlar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n \u00d6NEML\u0130 KISIM: Pay\u0131n cebri icra yoluyla devrinde esas s\u00f6zle\u015fmedeki hakl\u0131 sebebe dayanarak devre onay vermemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bu durumda \u015firket, paylar\u0131 edinen ki\u015fiye paylar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ek de\u011feri ile devralmay\u0131 \u00f6nerdi\u011fi takdirde onay vermeyi reddedebilir. <\/strong><\/p>\n MADDE 494<\/strong>– (1) Devir i\u00e7in gerekli olan onay verilmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece, paylar\u0131n m\u00fclkiyeti ve paylara ba\u011fl\u0131 t\u00fcm haklar devredende kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n (2) Paylar\u0131n miras, miras\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, e\u015fler aras\u0131ndaki mal rejimi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri veya cebr\u00ee icra gere\u011fi iktisap edilmeleri h\u00e2linde, bunlar\u0131n m\u00fclkiyeti ve bunlardan kaynaklanan malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin haklar derh\u00e2l; genel kurula kat\u0131lma haklar\u0131yla oy haklar\u0131 ise ancak \u015firketin onay\u0131 ile devralana ge\u00e7er.!!<\/strong><\/p>\n (3) \u015eirket, onaylamaya ili\u015fkin istemi, ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren en ge\u00e7 \u00fc\u00e7 ay i\u00e7inde reddetmemi\u015fse veya ret haks\u0131zsa, onay verilmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n Anonim ortakl\u0131kta pay cebri icra yoluyla devredildi\u011finde; hisse senetlerinin\/paylar\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ve malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 haklar\u0131 derhal ilgili ki\u015fiye (ki\u015filere) ge\u00e7er; y\u00f6netim haklar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7mesi i\u00e7in ise anonim \u015firketin onay\u0131 gerekir. \u015eirket bu onay\u0131 vermedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece s\u00f6z konusu haklar eski malikte kal\u0131r. Anonim \u015firket m.493\/4 uyar\u0131nca mezk\u00fbr pay senetlerini\/paylar\u0131n\u0131 alma \u00f6nerisinde bulunmas\u0131 halinde ise hem m\u00fclkiyet hem de hisse senetlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 haklar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc \u015firkete ge\u00e7er<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Son olarak, \u015firketin karar\u0131n\u0131 verebilmesi i\u00e7in 3(\u00fc\u00e7) ayl\u0131k d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme s\u00fcresi vard\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde reddetmemi\u015fse veya haks\u0131z red karar\u0131 vermi\u015fse, ge\u00e7i\u015fi onaylam\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. \u015eirketin karar\u0131 ya kanuni ya da kanunun izin verdi\u011fi bir esas s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fckm\u00fcne uygun bir s\u0131ralamaya dayanmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/p>\n SONU\u00c7 <\/strong>: Haciz a\u015famas\u0131nda ortakl\u0131k s\u0131fat\u0131 kaybedilmese de pay\u0131 haczedilen orta\u011f\u0131n ortakl\u0131ktan kaynaklanan haklar\u0131 konusunda tasarrufu \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde k\u0131s\u0131tlan\u0131r. Anonim ortakl\u0131kta hakl\u0131 sebeple bir orta\u011f\u0131 ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131karma kurumu mevcut de\u011fildir. Haczedilen pay cebri icra yoluyla sat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise pay el de\u011fi\u015ftirir pay\u0131 sat\u0131n alan ki\u015fi pay sahipli\u011fi s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 kazan\u0131r. Cebri icra yoluyla devir anonim ortakl\u0131kta pay\u0131n devren kazanma yollar\u0131ndan biridir. <\/strong><\/p>\n Bir orta\u011f\u0131n ki\u015fisel borcundan dolay\u0131 pay\u0131 hacze konu olabilir veya rehne de konu olabilir bu engellenemez. Ancak Cebri icra yoluyla pay\u0131n sat\u0131l\u0131p devredilerek Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yabanc\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in esas s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye onay s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmas\u0131 getirilebilir. Ancak bunun i\u00e7in paylar\u0131n nama yaz\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n Anonim ortakl\u0131k cebri icra yoluyla pay iktisap eden ki\u015fiye pay\u0131n ger\u00e7ek de\u011fer \u00fczerinden sat\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 teklif ederek devre onay vermeyi reddedebilir. Anonim ortakl\u0131k b\u00f6yle bir teklifte bulunmazsa onaya gerek olmaks\u0131z\u0131n pay edinen ki\u015fi malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 haklar\u0131na sahip olsa da y\u00f6netim haklar\u0131na (oy kullanma, genel kurula kat\u0131lma gibi) ancak ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n onay\u0131yla sahip olacakt\u0131r. <\/strong><\/p>\n \u00d6NER\u0130M\u0130Z<\/strong>: Anonim ortakl\u0131k kurulurken paylar nama yaz\u0131l\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Esas s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye devre ili\u015fkin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rma getirilmelidir.\u00a0 \u00d6rnek madde:<\/strong><\/p>\n \u201cAnonim ortakl\u0131k paylar\u0131n\u0131n devri y\u00f6netim kurulunun oy \u00e7oklu\u011fu ile onay\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eirket i\u015f bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmede \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f \u00f6nemli bir sebebi ileri s\u00fcrerek veya devredene paylar\u0131n\u0131, ba\u015fvurma an\u0131ndaki ger\u00e7ek de\u011feriyle, kendi veya di\u011fer pay sahipleri ya da \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filer hesab\u0131na almay\u0131 \u00f6nererek onay vermeyi reddedebilir. Miras, miras\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, e\u015fler aras\u0131ndaki mal rejimi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri veya cebr\u00ee icra gere\u011fi devir hallerinde ise \u015firket, paylar\u0131 edinen ki\u015fiye, sadece paylar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ek de\u011feri ile devralmay\u0131 \u00f6nerdi\u011fi takdirde onay vermeyi reddedebilecektir.\u2019\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n NOT !!! <\/strong>Nama yaz\u0131l\u0131 paylar\u0131n devri ile ilgili s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rma esas s\u00f6zle\u015fmede yer al\u0131r. Bu konuya ili\u015fkin esas s\u00f6zle\u015fme de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi genel kurul karar\u0131 ile olur. Genel kurul nama yaz\u0131l\u0131 paylar\u0131n devrinin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin esas s\u00f6zle\u015fme de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi kararlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7in sermayenin en az %75 ini olu\u015fturan paylar\u0131n sahiplerinin veya temsilcilerin olumlu oylar\u0131yla al\u0131r. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan sermaye paylar\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmelidir.<\/p>\n \n Sayg\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131zla,<\/p>\n ATLI HUKUK<\/strong><\/p>\n Av. V. Alper ATLI<\/strong><\/p>\n \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Kanuni d\u00fczenlemeler g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ortakl\u0131k pay\u0131n\u0131n haczedilebilece\u011fi ve pay\u0131n haczedilmesinden sonra alacakl\u0131 kanuni m\u00fcddet i\u00e7inde sat\u0131\u015f talebinde bulunabilece\u011fi bilinmektedir. Yani teknik anlamda ortakl\u0131k hissesinin cebri icra yoluyla sat\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Sat\u0131\u015f \u00fczerine pay el de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f e\u015f deyi\u015fle devredilmi\u015f olacakt\u0131r ki cebri icra yoluyla devir anonim ortakl\u0131kta pay\u0131n devren kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 yollar\u0131ndan biridir. Anonim ortakl\u0131kta ortakl\u0131k s\u0131fat\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8667,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8926","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.atlihukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8926","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.atlihukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.atlihukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.atlihukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.atlihukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8926"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.atlihukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8926\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8927,"href":"https:\/\/www.atlihukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8926\/revisions\/8927"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.atlihukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8667"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.atlihukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8926"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.atlihukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8926"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.atlihukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8926"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n
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